Test on the History and Development of Language Testing

When did the Imperial exam system in China begin?

What was the main purpose of the Imperial civil service exams in China?

Which country introduced military tests followed by university exams in the 18th century?

What was revolutionary about the first Cambridge Proficiency in English (CPE) test produced in 1913?

What major change occurred in American language testing by the mid-20th century?

How can the 'Atlantic divide' in language testing philosophy be summarized?

Who made a major contribution to the development of communicative language ability models in testing?

What technological advancement is used nowadays to analyze vocabulary difficulty and frequency in texts?

What is a key reason for developing ultra-low-cost language tests for populations in poor areas?

How has the global landscape of language testing professionalism changed over recent decades?